The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decades, shifting from a focus on environmental protection to a more integrated approach that balances economic growth, social equity, and ecological resilience. Recent studies highlight that the success of sustainable cities depends not only on green infrastructure but also on community engagement and adaptive governance. For instance, cities that implement participatory budgeting for climate projects often see higher public compliance and long-term maintenance of green spaces. However, critics argue that without addressing underlying inequalities, such initiatives can exacerbate gentrification, displacing low-income residents. Therefore, a truly sustainable urban model must prioritize inclusive decision-making processes, ensuring that marginalized voices are heard in planning and policy implementation.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es un factor clave para el éxito del desarrollo urbano sostenible?
A. A. Enfoque exclusivo en infraestructura verde
B. B. Equilibrar el crecimiento económico con las preocupaciones sociales y ecológicas
C. C. Evitar la participación comunitaria para garantizar la eficiencia
D. D. Implementar proyectos sin considerar los riesgos de desplazamiento
✅ 正确答案
B. Balancing economic growth with social and ecological concerns
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first