雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'green infrastructure' has gained significant traction in urban planning as a means to address environmental degradation while enhancing city resilience. Unlike traditional gray infrastructure, which relies on concrete and pipes to manage stormwater, green infrastructure utilizes natural systems such as permeable pavements, green roofs, and urban forests to absorb and filter rainfall. Proponents argue that this approach not only reduces flood risks but also mitigates the urban heat island effect, improves air quality, and provides recreational spaces. However, critics point out that the initial costs and maintenance requirements can be substantial, and the effectiveness varies with local climate and soil conditions. Despite these challenges, many municipalities are integrating green infrastructure into long-term sustainability plans, recognizing its potential to deliver multiple ecological and social benefits simultaneously.