雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decade, shifting from a purely environmental focus to a more integrated approach that encompasses economic, social, and ecological dimensions. Recent studies indicate that cities adopting green infrastructure, such as permeable pavements and urban forests, not only mitigate flooding and heat islands but also enhance residents' mental well-being. However, critics argue that such measures often prioritize affluent neighborhoods, exacerbating spatial inequality. A balanced strategy, therefore, requires participatory governance that involves marginalized communities in decision-making processes, ensuring that the benefits of sustainability are equitably distributed. Without this inclusive framework, even well-intentioned environmental policies risk reinforcing existing social divides.