The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decade, shifting from a purely environmental focus to a more integrated approach that encompasses economic, social, and ecological dimensions. Recent studies indicate that cities adopting green infrastructure, such as permeable pavements and urban forests, not only mitigate flooding and heat islands but also enhance residents' mental well-being. However, critics argue that such measures often prioritize affluent neighborhoods, exacerbating spatial inequality. A balanced strategy, therefore, requires participatory governance that involves marginalized communities in decision-making processes, ensuring that the benefits of sustainability are equitably distributed. Without this inclusive framework, even well-intentioned environmental policies risk reinforcing existing social divides.
❓ According to the passage, what is a key limitation of current green infrastructure initiatives?
A. A. They are too expensive for most cities to implement.
B. B. They focus exclusively on environmental benefits, ignoring social factors.
C. C. They may deepen inequality by favoring wealthier areas.
D. D. They fail to reduce flooding and heat islands effectively.
✅ 正确答案
C. They may deepen inequality by favoring wealthier areas.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first