雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'cultural intelligence' (CQ) has gained traction in organizational psychology as a complementary framework to emotional intelligence (EQ). While EQ focuses on recognizing and managing one's own and others' emotions, CQ specifically addresses the capability to function effectively across national, ethnic, and organizational cultures. Researchers argue that CQ comprises four distinct dimensions: metacognitive (conscious cultural awareness), cognitive (knowledge of cultural norms), motivational (interest in adapting), and behavioral (ability to modify actions). A 2018 meta-analysis by Rockstuhl and Van Dyne found that CQ predicts cross-border leadership effectiveness even after controlling for EQ and cognitive ability. However, critics caution that CQ measures often rely on self-reporting, which may not accurately reflect actual intercultural performance, and that the construct may overlap excessively with general adaptability.