雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'cultural intelligence' (CQ) has gained prominence in organizational psychology as a framework for understanding effectiveness in cross-cultural interactions. Unlike emotional intelligence, which focuses on intrapersonal and interpersonal skills within a familiar cultural context, CQ specifically addresses the capability to function and manage effectively in culturally diverse settings. Researchers have identified four distinct components: metacognitive CQ (the conscious awareness and regulation of cultural assumptions during interactions), cognitive CQ (knowledge of norms, practices, and conventions in different cultures), motivational CQ (the drive and interest to adapt to cultural differences), and behavioral CQ (the ability to exhibit appropriate verbal and nonverbal actions in cross-cultural encounters). A growing body of empirical evidence suggests that high CQ predicts better job performance, smoother negotiations, and reduced culture shock among expatriates. However, critics argue that CQ measures often rely on self-report, which may be subject to social desirability bias, and that the construct overlaps significantly with general cognitive ability and openness to experience, questioning its incremental validity.