The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decade, shifting from a focus on mere environmental protection to a more integrated approach that encompasses economic viability and social equity. Recent studies indicate that cities adopting green infrastructure, such as permeable pavements and urban forests, not only mitigate flooding and heat islands but also enhance property values and public health. However, critics argue that without inclusive governance, these initiatives can lead to gentrification, displacing low-income residents. Thus, effective sustainable planning requires balancing ecological goals with affordable housing policies and community engagement, ensuring that the benefits of greening are equitably distributed across all socioeconomic groups.
❓ Theo đoạn văn, thách thức chính trong phát triển đô thị bền vững là gì?
A. A. Chi phí cao của các dự án hạ tầng xanh
B. B. Cân bằng lợi ích môi trường với công bằng xã hội để tránh tình trạng di dời
C. C. Thiếu đổi mới công nghệ trong quy hoạch đô thị
D. D. Sự phản đối từ các nhà phát triển bất động sản đối với các sáng kiến xanh
✅ 正确答案
B. Balancing environmental benefits with social equity to avoid displacement
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first