雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'planned obsolescence' has been a subject of intense debate among economists and environmentalists. Originally coined in the 1950s, it refers to the deliberate design of products with a limited useful life, encouraging consumers to replace them frequently. Proponents argue that this strategy stimulates innovation and economic growth by maintaining consumer demand. However, critics contend that it leads to unsustainable resource consumption and exacerbates electronic waste, particularly in the technology sector. Recent studies suggest that while planned obsolescence can boost short-term sales, it undermines long-term brand loyalty and environmental sustainability. As a result, some companies are shifting toward modular designs and repairability, aiming to balance commercial interests with ecological responsibility. This shift reflects a growing recognition that consumer expectations are evolving, with many prioritizing durability over novelty.