雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'green infrastructure' has gained significant traction in urban planning as a means to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. Unlike traditional grey infrastructure, which relies on concrete and steel to manage stormwater, green infrastructure employs natural processes such as soil absorption and plant transpiration. A study by the University of Sheffield found that integrating green roofs and permeable pavements into cityscapes can reduce surface runoff by up to 40%, thereby lowering the risk of urban flooding. Moreover, these systems contribute to biodiversity, providing habitats for pollinators and birds. However, critics argue that the initial installation costs are prohibitive, and maintenance requires specialized knowledge, potentially limiting adoption in low-income municipalities. Nevertheless, proponents contend that long-term savings in flood damage repair and energy costs outweigh upfront expenses, making green infrastructure a viable sustainable solution for future cities.