The concept of 'environmental refugee' has gained traction in recent decades, yet its legal definition remains contentious. Unlike traditional refugees who flee persecution, environmental migrants are displaced by gradual ecological degradation or sudden natural disasters. Scholars argue that the term 'refugee' implies a legal status under international law, which currently does not recognize environmental factors as grounds for asylum. This ambiguity creates a protection gap, leaving affected populations without formal rights or international assistance. Some propose extending the 1951 Refugee Convention, while others advocate for a separate legal framework to address climate-induced displacement. The debate underscores the tension between state sovereignty and humanitarian obligations, as nations grapple with resource constraints and border security. Ultimately, the lack of consensus hinders effective policy responses to one of the most pressing challenges of the Anthropocene.
❓ '환경 난민'이라는 용어가 문제가 있다고 여겨지는 주요 이유는 무엇인가?
A. A. 환경 이주민들은 실제로 그들의 집을 떠나 도망치지 않는다.
B. B. '난민'에 대한 기존 법적 정의는 환경적 이주를 포함하지 않는다.
C. C. 자연재해가 인구 이동을 초래할 만큼 심각하지 않다.
D. D. 국가들은 어떤 이주민에게도 인도적 지원을 제공하는 것을 꺼린다.
✅ 正确答案
B. The existing legal definition of 'refugee' does not cover environmental displacement.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first