雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'planned obsolescence' has been a cornerstone of industrial design since the 1920s, yet its environmental and economic implications are increasingly scrutinized. Proponents argue that it stimulates innovation and consumer demand, driving economic growth. However, critics contend that it fosters a throwaway culture, leading to resource depletion and excessive waste. Recent studies suggest a shift towards 'circular economy' models, where products are designed for durability, repairability, and recyclability. This paradigm not only reduces environmental impact but also offers long-term cost savings for consumers. Nevertheless, implementing such models requires significant changes in manufacturing processes and consumer behavior, posing challenges for both industry and policy-makers. The debate thus highlights a tension between short-term economic gains and sustainable long-term practices.