The concept of 'ecological resilience' has gained prominence in environmental science, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change, so as to retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. Unlike the traditional notion of stability, which assumes a single equilibrium state, resilience acknowledges multiple stable states and the potential for abrupt shifts between them. For instance, a shallow lake may exist in a clear-water state with abundant vegetation or shift to a turbid, algae-dominated state due to nutrient overload. Once the shift occurs, returning to the original state often requires significantly greater effort than preventing the shift, a phenomenon known as hysteresis. This understanding challenges conventional management approaches that focus on optimizing for one preferred state, instead advocating for strategies that maintain diversity and adaptability.
❓ Согласно тексту, в чем заключается ключевое различие между экологической устойчивостью и традиционной стабильностью?
A. A. Устойчивость предполагает единое равновесие, тогда как стабильность допускает множественные состояния.
B. B. Устойчивость направлена на предотвращение всех изменений, тогда как стабильность принимает естественные колебания.
C. C. Устойчивость признает множественные стабильные состояния и возможные переходы, тогда как стабильность предполагает одно равновесие.
D. D. Устойчивость применима только к озёрам, тогда как стабильность применима ко всем экосистемам.
✅ 正确答案
C. Resilience recognizes multiple stable states and potential shifts, while stability assumes one equilibrium.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
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