The concept of 'ecological resilience' has gained prominence in environmental science, referring to an ecosystem's capacity to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change, so as to retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. Unlike the traditional notion of stability, which assumes a single equilibrium state, resilience acknowledges multiple stable states and the potential for abrupt shifts between them. For instance, a shallow lake may exist in a clear-water state with abundant vegetation or shift to a turbid, algae-dominated state due to nutrient overload. Once the shift occurs, returning to the original state often requires significantly greater effort than preventing the shift, a phenomenon known as hysteresis. This understanding challenges conventional management approaches that focus on optimizing for one preferred state, instead advocating for strategies that maintain diversity and adaptability.
❓ Según el pasaje, ¿cuál es una diferencia clave entre la resiliencia ecológica y la estabilidad tradicional?
A. A. La resiliencia supone un equilibrio único, mientras que la estabilidad permite múltiples estados.
B. B. La resiliencia se centra en prevenir todos los cambios, mientras que la estabilidad acepta las fluctuaciones naturales.
C. C. La resiliencia reconoce múltiples estados estables y posibles cambios, mientras que la estabilidad supone un único equilibrio.
D. D. La resiliencia se aplica solo a los lagos, mientras que la estabilidad se aplica a todos los ecosistemas.
✅ 正确答案
C. Resilience recognizes multiple stable states and potential shifts, while stability assumes one equilibrium.
IELTS Reading Tips
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