雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of 'environmental justice' emerged in the late 20th century as a response to the disproportionate siting of hazardous waste facilities in low-income and minority communities. This framework argues that environmental burdens, such as pollution and toxic exposure, are not evenly distributed across society. Instead, they often correlate with socioeconomic status and race, raising ethical concerns about procedural and distributive fairness. Proponents advocate for inclusive decision-making processes that empower affected communities, ensuring that no group bears an unequal share of negative environmental consequences. Critics, however, contend that the approach lacks a clear legal definition and may oversimplify complex land-use decisions. Despite these debates, environmental justice has influenced policy at multiple levels, leading to the integration of equity assessments in environmental impact reviews. Its growing prominence reflects a broader shift toward recognizing the social dimensions of environmental management.