Good morning, everyone. Today we're going to talk about the history of the bicycle. Now, many people believe that the bicycle was invented in the 19th century, but actually, the first two-wheeled vehicle appeared much earlier. In 1817, a German inventor named Karl von Drais created a machine called the 'running machine' or 'draisine'. It had no pedals, so riders had to push their feet against the ground to move forward. Later, in the 1860s, pedals were added to the front wheel in France. However, this design was uncomfortable and unsafe. It wasn't until the 1880s that the 'safety bicycle' with a chain drive and two equal-sized wheels was developed in England, which became the basis for modern bicycles.