Chapter 84 is the "Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof" chapter in the HS classification system, covering a broad range from power machinery to precision machining equipment. This chapter includes headings 8401 to 8487, involving engines, pumps, machine tools, computers, bearings, etc. The core characteristic is that these goods all have mechanical motion or energy conversion functions, and most are industrial means of production. Note: This chapter does not include electric tools (Chapter 85), vehicles (Chapter 87), or optical instruments (Chapter 90). Heading 8458 covers "Lathes (including turning centres) for removing metal", specifically including various machine tools that process metal by cutting, such as ordinary lathes, CNC lathes, automatic lathes, etc. Machine tools under this heading remove metal material through the relative motion of the tool and the workpiece to form the desired shape. Subheadings are further subdivided by whether they are numerically controlled, the machining method (turning, drilling, milling, etc.), and the structural type (horizontal, vertical). Code 845891 is a six-digit subheading: the first 2 digits "84" represent Chapter 84 (mechanical appliances), digits 3-4 "58" represent heading 8458 (metal-cutting lathes), and digits 5-6 "91" represent subheading 8458.91 (numerically controlled vertical lathes). Among these, 8458.1 is numerically controlled lathes, 8458.9 is other lathes, and 8458.91 specifically refers to numerically controlled vertical lathes. A vertical lathe means the workpiece rotates on a horizontal worktable while the tool moves vertically or horizontally to cut, suitable for large, heavy, or complex-shaped workpieces. This commodity is a CNC vertical lathe, belongs to metal-cutting lathes, and has CNC functionality, so it is classified under 8458.91. If it were a CNC horizontal lathe, it would be classified under 8458.11; if it were a non-CNC vertical lathe, it would be classified under 8458.99; if it were a machining centre (capable of milling, drilling, and other multiple operations), it would be classified under 8457; if it were a grinding machine, it would be classified under 8460. Therefore, the core distinguishing points are: the machining method is turning, the control method is numerical control, and the structure is vertical.

Product Name: The Chinese and foreign language names of the declared commodity, which should accurately reflect the commodity attributes, such as "CNC vertical lathe". Brand: Fill in the manufacturer or brand name, such as "DMG MORI", "Shenyang Machine Tool", etc. Model: Fill in the specific model, such as "VTL-1600", "PUMA V8300", etc., used to uniquely identify the equipment. Control Method: Clearly state whether it is numerically controlled (CNC), and indicate the control system brand and model, such as "FANUC 0i-TF". Maximum Machining Diameter: Fill in the maximum turning diameter of the workpiece that the vertical lathe can machine, in millimetres, such as "1600mm". Maximum Machining Height: Fill in the maximum height of the workpiece that the vertical lathe can machine, in millimetres, such as "1200mm". Number of Spindles: Fill in the number of spindles, usually single spindle; multiple spindles must be indicated, such as "single spindle". Brand Type: Fill in the brand type according to customs requirements, such as "overseas brand (OEM production)", "domestic independent brand", etc. Example of customs declaration elements: Product Name: CNC vertical lathe Brand: DMG MORI Model: VTL-1600 Control Method: CNC, FANUC 0i-TF Maximum Machining Diameter: 1600mm Maximum Machining Height: 1200mm Number of Spindles: Single spindle Brand Type: Overseas brand (OEM production) Remarks: This equipment is used for metal cutting, vertical structure, CNC controlled. Simply declaring "CNC vertical lathe" as "lathe", failing to reflect the CNC and vertical characteristics, resulting in classification errors. Only filling in "CNC" for the control method without providing the control system brand and model, which may affect customs valuation and classification. Incorrect or confused filling of maximum machining diameter and height, resulting in inconsistency with the actual equipment and triggering inspection risks.

The core criteria for classification are: 1) whether the machining method is turning (removing metal by workpiece rotation and linear tool movement); 2) whether it has numerical control (CNC) functionality; 3) whether the structure is vertical (workpiece rotates on a horizontal worktable, tool moves vertically or horizontally). Only when all three conditions of turning, CNC, and vertical are met simultaneously is it classified under 8458.91. If it is a horizontal CNC lathe, it is classified under 8458.11; if it is a non-CNC vertical lathe, it is classified under 8458.99; if it is a machining centre (capable of milling, drilling, and other multiple operations), it is classified under 8457; if it is a grinding machine, it is classified under 8460. 845811 CNC horizontal lathe: 845811 is a CNC horizontal lathe, with the workpiece spindle arranged horizontally, suitable for slender shaft-type parts; 845891 is a CNC vertical lathe, with the workpiece spindle arranged vertically, suitable for large disc and sleeve-type parts. 845899 Other non-CNC vertical lathes: 845899 is a non-CNC vertical lathe, without a CNC system, usually an ordinary vertical lathe; 845891 is a CNC vertical lathe, with CNC control. 845710 Machining centre: 845710 is a machining centre, capable of automatic tool changing, performing milling, drilling, boring, and other multiple operations; 845891 is a CNC vertical lathe, performing only turning operations. 846011 CNC surface grinding machine: 846011 is a CNC surface grinding machine, using abrasive tools for grinding; 845891 is a CNC vertical lathe, using turning tools for turning. 845921 CNC drilling machine: 845921 is a CNC drilling machine, mainly used for drilling holes; 845891 is a CNC vertical lathe, mainly used for turning outer diameters, inner bores, end faces, etc. Is it clearly turning (not milling or grinding)? Does it have numerical control (CNC) functionality? Is the structure vertical (workpiece rotates vertically)? Is the complete CNC system brand and model provided? Are the maximum machining diameter and height accurately filled in?

How to query the HS code for a CNC vertical lathe? First determine that the commodity is a metal-cutting lathe (heading 8458), then determine whether it is numerically controlled (subheading 8458.1), and finally determine whether the structure is vertical (subheading 8458.91). You may refer to the "Import and Export Tariff" or a customs classification pre-ruling. Note: If the equipment has both turning and milling functions, it may be classified under 8457. What is the difference in classification between a CNC vertical lathe and a CNC horizontal lathe? Both are classified under 8458.1 (CNC lathes), but according to different structures: vertical is classified under 8458.91, horizontal under 8458.11. The main difference lies in the direction of the workpiece spindle: a vertical lathe has a vertical spindle, suitable for large disc and sleeve-type parts; a horizontal lathe has a horizontal spindle, suitable for shaft-type parts. If a CNC vertical lathe has milling functionality, how should it be classified? If the milling function is primary and automatic tool changing is possible, it may be classified under 8457 (machining centre); if turning is primary and milling is auxiliary, it is still classified under 8458.91. It is recommended to provide equipment technical parameters and, if necessary, apply for a customs classification pre-ruling. What key parameters are required when declaring a CNC vertical lathe? Key parameters include: brand, model, control method (CNC system brand and model), maximum machining diameter, maximum machining height, number of spindles, brand type, etc. These parameters help customs confirm classification, valuation, and origin. How to query the import tax rate for a CNC vertical lathe? Tax rates are adjusted according to national policies. It is recommended to check the latest tax rates through the General Administration of Customs website, China International Trade Single Window, or the "Import and Export Tariff". Also pay attention to preferential rates under free trade agreements, if applicable. Can a used CNC vertical lathe be imported? It can be imported, but it must comply with national regulations on the import management of mechanical and electrical products, which may involve pre-shipment inspection, automatic import licence, etc. When declaring, information such as equipment condition and years of use must be provided, and customs will conduct valuation based on the degree of newness. Is the classification of a CNC vertical lathe affected by the control system? Yes. If it is numerically controlled, it is classified under 8458.91; if it is not numerically controlled, it is classified under 8458.99. The brand and model of the CNC system do not affect classification, but they must be truthfully declared so that customs can confirm. How to avoid classification errors for CNC vertical lathes? Recommendations: 1) Read the tariff notes in detail; 2) Check the equipment technical parameters; 3) Refer to classification cases for similar commodities; 4) Apply for pre-classification if necessary. Avoid simple classification based only on the product name; a comprehensive judgment must be made based on machining method, control method, and structure.