TPND (Theft, Pilferage and Non-Delivery)

The Risk of Theft, Pilferage and Non-Delivery (TPND) is an additional risk under marine cargo transportation insurance, covering losses to cargo during transit caused by theft, pilferage, and non-delivery of entire packages. Usage scenarios: It is typically added under Free from Particular Average (FPA) or With Particular Average (WPA) coverage, and is suitable for high-value, theft-prone goods such as electronic products and valuable clothing. Precautions: TPND does not cover non-delivery caused by improper packaging, natural loss, or short delivery by the shipper; theft refers to secretive taking, while pilferage refers to taking by force, both of which require evidence of external tampering; non-delivery must refer to the failure to deliver entire packages, rather than partial shortage. Differences from other terms: All Risks already includes TPND, so separate additional coverage is not required; it is listed alongside additional risks such as Fresh Water and/or Rain Damage and Shortage Risk, but the risks covered are different. When insuring, the insured amount and deductible must be clearly specified, and relevant evidence should be retained for claims.