TOEFL 통합 작문

📖 읽기 지문

The widespread use of neonicotinoid pesticides has been linked to the decline of bee populations, a critical issue for global agriculture. While some argue that these chemicals are essential for crop protection, a closer examination reveals three major concerns. First, neonicotinoids are highly toxic to bees, even at sublethal doses. Studies show that exposure impairs foraging behavior, navigation, and learning, reducing the ability of bees to collect pollen and nectar. Second, these pesticides persist in the environment, accumulating in soil and water. Plants grown in treated fields can absorb the chemicals, leading to contamination of nectar and pollen long after application. This chronic exposure weakens bee colonies over time, making them more susceptible to diseases and parasites. Third, the economic argument for neonicotinoids is flawed. Although they boost yields in the short term, the long-term costs of pollinator decline—including reduced crop pollination and increased reliance on alternative pest control—outweigh these benefits. Therefore, banning neonicotinoids is a necessary step to protect pollinators and ensure sustainable agriculture.

🎧 듣기 강의

The lecture challenges the reading's claims about neonicotinoids. First, while the reading states that neonicotinoids are highly toxic to bees, the lecturer argues that the studies cited often use unrealistic, high doses. In real-world conditions, bees are exposed to much lower concentrations, which have not been shown to cause significant harm. Field studies with actual agricultural applications find no major impact on bee colony health. Second, regarding persistence, the lecturer acknowledges that neonicotinoids can remain in the environment, but emphasizes that their use is strictly regulated. Modern application methods, such as seed coatings, minimize environmental contamination. Moreover, the levels found in nectar and pollen are typically below the threshold that affects bees, and many beekeepers in agricultural areas report healthy colonies. Third, the reading's economic argument is misleading. The lecturer points out that banning neonicotinoids would lead to increased use of older, more toxic pesticides, which are far more damaging to bees and other beneficial insects. Alternative pest control methods are often less effective and more expensive, causing greater crop losses. Thus, the benefits of neonicotinoids, when used responsibly, outweigh the risks, and a ban could actually harm both agriculture and pollinators.