托福口语 Task 4

Today, we're going to talk about a fascinating concept in animal behavior called 'tool use.' While we often think of tool use as a human trait, many animals have evolved to use objects in their environment to solve problems. One key point is that tool use in animals is not random; it is often learned and passed down through generations, showing a form of cultural transmission. Let me give you two examples. First, consider the sea otter. Sea otters float on their backs and use rocks to crack open hard-shelled clams. They place the rock on their chest and smash the clam against it. Interestingly, otters have a favorite rock that they carry with them, and they teach their pups which rocks are best. Second, think about the New Caledonian crow. These crows are known for making hooks from twigs to extract insects from tree bark. They carefully shape the twigs, choosing the right branch and stripping leaves. This skill is not innate; young crows watch their parents and practice for months to master it. So, in both cases, we see that tool use is a learned behavior that is socially transmitted, not just instinctive.