托福口语 Task 4

Today, we're going to talk about a fascinating concept in animal behavior called 'tool use.' Now, tool use isn't just about using objects to get food; it can also serve other purposes, like defense or comfort. But the key point is that tool use is not random—it’s a learned behavior that shows problem-solving and adaptation. Let me give you two examples. First, consider the sea otter. Sea otters float on their backs and use rocks to crack open clams and shellfish. They’ll even keep a favorite rock tucked under their arm, using it repeatedly. This is not instinctive; young otters learn by watching their mothers. Second, think about the woodpecker finch from the Galápagos Islands. This bird uses a cactus spine or small twig to pry insects out of tree bark. It may even modify the twig by shortening it if it’s too long. This shows flexibility and planning. So, in both cases, the animals are using tools in a deliberate way to solve a problem—getting food—and this behavior is passed on through learning. That’s the essence of tool use in animals.