托福口语 Task 3

The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to the tendency to perceive an object only in terms of its most common use, thereby limiting the ability to imagine alternative functions for that object. This cognitive bias can hinder problem-solving because individuals fail to see novel ways to use familiar items. Overcoming functional fixedness often requires a deliberate shift in perspective, allowing one to think creatively about an object's potential beyond its conventional purpose.

Professor: Let me give you an example from a classic psychology experiment. Participants were given a box of thumbtacks, a candle, and a book of matches, and asked to attach the candle to the wall so it would burn properly. Many struggled because they saw the box only as a container for tacks. They tried to melt wax or nail the candle directly. But the solution was to empty the box, tack it to the wall, and place the candle inside. The key was to see the box not as a holder, but as a shelf. Once they overcame functional fixedness, the answer became obvious. This shows how our preconceived notions about an object's use can block creative solutions.