托福口语 Task 3

The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. This mental block prevents individuals from imagining alternative uses for familiar objects, thereby hindering problem-solving and creativity. Functional fixedness occurs when the intended function of an item is so strongly ingrained that it overshadows other potential applications, making it difficult to see novel solutions to challenges.

Professor: Let me give you an example from a classic psychology experiment. Participants were given a box of thumbtacks, a candle, and a book of matches, and asked to attach the candle to a wall so that it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. Many struggled because they only saw the thumbtack box as a container for tacks. However, the solution was to empty the box, tack it to the wall, and place the candle inside. Those who succeeded had to overcome functional fixedness by realizing the box could serve as a platform, not just a holder. Once they saw the box differently, the problem became easy. This shows how breaking free from traditional uses can lead to creative solutions.