托福口语 Task 3

In psychology, the concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to the tendency to perceive objects only in terms of their most common or traditional use, thereby limiting the ability to imagine alternative functions. This cognitive bias hinders problem-solving because individuals fail to see beyond an object's typical purpose. Overcoming functional fixedness often requires a mental shift, allowing one to repurpose familiar items in novel ways to achieve a solution.

Professor: Let me illustrate this with a classic experiment. Participants were given a candle, a box of thumbtacks, and a book of matches, and asked to attach the candle to a wall so that it could burn properly. Most people tried to melt wax or tack the candle directly, but that failed. The solution was to empty the thumbtack box, tack it to the wall as a shelf, and place the candle inside. The problem was that people saw the box only as a container for tacks, not as a potential platform. Because they were stuck on its typical use, they couldn't solve it initially. Once they broke free from that mental block, they succeeded.