📖 読解資料
In psychology, the concept of "functional fixedness" refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in its traditional manner. This mental block prevents individuals from recognizing alternative uses for familiar items, thereby hindering creative problem-solving. When faced with a challenge, people often overlook novel solutions because their perception of an object's function is rigidly fixed by prior experiences and conventional uses.
🎧 リスニング講義
Professor: Let me illustrate this with a classic experiment. Participants were given a box of thumbtacks, a candle, and a book of matches. Their task was to attach the candle to a wall so it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. Most people tried to tack the candle directly to the wall or melt wax to stick it, but both failed. The solution? Empty the thumbtacks box, tack it to the wall as a shelf, and place the candle inside. Why did so many fail? Because they saw the box only as a container for thumbtacks—not as a potential platform. Their functional fixedness blinded them to the box's alternative use. Once they broke this mental set, the problem became easy.