📖 読解資料
The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used, thereby preventing them from seeing novel uses for that object. This mental block often hinders problem-solving because individuals fail to recognize alternative functions for familiar items. In psychology, overcoming functional fixedness requires creative thinking and the ability to reframe the object’s purpose, which can lead to innovative solutions in everyday challenges.
🎧 リスニング講義
Professor: Let me give you a classic example from a study. Participants were asked to attach a candle to a wall so that it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. They were given a box of thumbtacks, a book of matches, and a candle. Most people tried to tack the candle directly to the wall or melt the wax to stick it—both failed. They were stuck because they saw the box only as a container for tacks. But the solution was to empty the box, tack it to the wall as a platform, and place the candle inside it. The participants couldn’t see the box as anything but a holder, which is functional fixedness. Once they reframed it as a shelf, the problem was solved easily.