📖 Bài đọc
In psychology, the concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. This mental block prevents individuals from imagining alternative uses for familiar objects, thereby hindering problem-solving. Overcoming functional fixedness often requires creative thinking and the ability to see beyond an object's intended purpose. The concept is frequently studied in the context of how people approach novel challenges.
🎧 Bài giảng
Professor: Let me illustrate functional fixedness with a classic experiment. Participants were given a box of thumbtacks, a candle, and a book of matches, and they were asked to attach the candle to a wall so that it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. Most people tried to tack the candle directly to the wall or melt wax to stick it—both failed. The solution was to empty the thumbtack box, tack it to the wall, and use it as a platform for the candle. Why did so many fail? Because they saw the box only as a container for thumbtacks, not as a potential shelf. That's functional fixedness—they couldn't think of the box's alternative function. Once they overcame that mental block, the solution became obvious.