📖 読解資料
The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. When individuals encounter a problem, they often fail to see alternative uses for familiar objects, which hinders creative problem-solving. This mental block occurs because past experiences and habitual uses create a fixed mental representation of the object's function, making it difficult to perceive novel applications.
🎧 リスニング講義
Professor: Let me give you a classic example. In a psychology experiment, participants were given a box of thumbtacks, a candle, and a book of matches. Their task was to attach the candle to the wall so that it would burn properly without dripping wax on the floor. Many participants initially tried to tack the candle directly to the wall or melt wax to stick it, but these failed. The solution was to empty the thumbtack box, tack it to the wall as a small shelf, and place the candle inside. However, most people struggled because they saw the box only as a container for thumbtacks, not as a potential shelf. This demonstrates functional fixedness: they couldn't break away from the box's traditional function.