📖 阅读材料
The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used, thereby hindering creative problem-solving. When individuals are fixated on an object's typical function, they fail to see alternative uses, which can prevent them from finding novel solutions to challenges. This mental block often arises from prior knowledge and habitual thinking patterns.
🎧 听力讲座
Professor: Let me give you an example from a classic psychology experiment. Participants were given a box of thumbtacks, a candle, and a book of matches, and asked to attach the candle to the wall so that it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. Many struggled because they saw the box only as a container for tacks. However, the solution was to empty the box, tack it to the wall, and place the candle inside. Those who succeeded overcame functional fixedness by realizing the box could serve as a shelf, not just a holder. This shows how breaking free from traditional uses leads to effective problem-solving.