TOEFLスピーキング Task 3

Behavioral modeling, in the context of organizational psychology, refers to the process by which individuals learn new behaviors by observing and imitating others, particularly role models. This learning is most effective when the observer pays attention to the model, retains the observed behavior, has the ability to reproduce it, and is motivated to do so. The theory emphasizes that learning can occur without direct reinforcement to the observer, but vicarious reinforcement—seeing the model rewarded—strengthens the likelihood of imitation.

Professor: Let me give you a real example from a customer service team. A new employee, Sarah, was struggling with angry customers. Instead of receiving direct training, her supervisor asked her to shadow an experienced colleague, Tom, for a week. Tom had a technique: he would listen without interrupting, acknowledge the customer's frustration, and then calmly offer a solution. Sarah paid close attention to each step. One day, she saw a customer actually thank Tom after he used the technique, which served as vicarious reinforcement for Sarah. The next week, a customer complained loudly, and Sarah imitated Tom's method exactly—listening, acknowledging, and proposing a fix. The customer calmed down and even apologized for being rude. Sarah felt rewarded by the positive outcome, but the key was that she had learned the behavior purely by watching Tom succeed, not by being praised or trained for it directly.