❓ Question According to the passage, which of the following is a key distinction between the traditional stability paradigm and resilience theory?
A. A) Traditional stability assumes ecosystems can shift to multiple equilibria, while resilience theory assumes a single equilibrium.
B. B) Traditional stability focuses on returning to one equilibrium, while resilience theory allows for new stable states that maintain core functions.
C. C) Resilience theory rejects the idea of disturbance, whereas traditional stability emphasizes disturbance as a driver of change.
D. D) Resilience theory is only applicable to climate change, while traditional stability applies to all disturbances.
✅ Correct Answer
B) Traditional stability focuses on returning to one equilibrium, while resilience theory allows for new stable states that maintain core functions.
TOEFL Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Infer vocabulary meaning from context, not just memory
Base inferences on the passage; avoid over-extrapolation