TOEFL Reading

❓ Question According to the passage, what is a key difference between the initial and the later definition of ecosystem resilience?

A. The initial definition focused on recovery speed, while the later definition emphasized adaptive capacity and multiple stable states.
B. The initial definition was based on social-ecological systems, while the later definition was purely ecological.
C. The initial definition considered transformation, while the later definition ignored disturbance.
D. The initial definition applied only to coral reefs, while the later definition applied to all ecosystems.

The initial definition focused on recovery speed, while the later definition emphasized adaptive capacity and multiple stable states.