❓ 문제 According to the passage, what is the key difference between engineering resilience and ecological resilience?
A. Engineering resilience applies only to artificial systems, while ecological resilience applies to natural ones.
B. Engineering resilience focuses on return time to an original state, whereas ecological resilience considers the disturbance threshold that may lead to a different stable state.
C. Engineering resilience is a newer concept, while ecological resilience was introduced by Holling in 1973.
D. Engineering resilience emphasizes adaptation, while ecological resilience emphasizes recovery speed.
✅ 정답
Engineering resilience focuses on return time to an original state, whereas ecological resilience considers the disturbance threshold that may lead to a different stable state.
TOEFL Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Infer vocabulary meaning from context, not just memory
Base inferences on the passage; avoid over-extrapolation