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📖 Reading Passage
❓ Question What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.
A. To argue that the keystone species concept is outdated and should be discarded
B.
B. To describe the history and ongoing relevance of the keystone species concept in ecology
C.
C. To explain Paine's experiment and its immediate results in detail
D.
D. To compare keystone species with functional redundancy in ecosystems
✅ Correct Answer
B. To describe the history and ongoing relevance of the keystone species concept in ecology
TOEFL Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Infer vocabulary meaning from context, not just memory
Base inferences on the passage; avoid over-extrapolation
Manage time: about 18 minutes per passage
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