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📖 Reading Passage
❓ Question What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.
A) To argue that the keystone species concept is outdated and should be replaced.
B.
B) To describe the origin, importance, and criticisms of the keystone species concept.
C.
C) To provide a detailed account of Robert Paine's experiments with starfish and mussels.
D.
D) To propose a new method for identifying keystone species in ecosystems.
✅ Correct Answer
B) To describe the origin, importance, and criticisms of the keystone species concept.
TOEFL Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Infer vocabulary meaning from context, not just memory
Base inferences on the passage; avoid over-extrapolation
Manage time: about 18 minutes per passage
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