❓ Question According to the passage, what is a key distinction between 'engineering resilience' and 'ecological resilience'?
A. Engineering resilience focuses on multiple stable states, while ecological resilience focuses on a single equilibrium.
B. Engineering resilience measures the return time to a known equilibrium, while ecological resilience measures the disturbance a system can absorb before changing state.
C. Engineering resilience is primarily used in resource management, while ecological resilience is only theoretical.
D. Engineering resilience applies to clear lakes, while ecological resilience applies to turbid lakes.
✅ Correct Answer
Engineering resilience measures the return time to a known equilibrium, while ecological resilience measures the disturbance a system can absorb before changing state.
TOEFL Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Infer vocabulary meaning from context, not just memory
Base inferences on the passage; avoid over-extrapolation