การอ่าน TOEFL

❓ คำถาม According to the passage, what is a key difference between traditional equilibrium theory and resilience theory?

A. Traditional theory assumes ecosystems return to one stable state, while resilience theory allows for multiple possible states.
B. Resilience theory focuses only on human-induced disturbances, whereas equilibrium theory considers natural disturbances.
C. Equilibrium theory emphasizes biodiversity, while resilience theory ignores species composition.
D. Resilience theory predicts inevitable ecosystem collapse, whereas equilibrium theory guarantees recovery.

Traditional theory assumes ecosystems return to one stable state, while resilience theory allows for multiple possible states.