❓ คำถาม According to the passage, what is a key difference between 'engineering resilience' and 'ecological resilience'?
A. Engineering resilience focuses on recovery speed to a single equilibrium, while ecological resilience considers shifts among multiple stable states.
B. Engineering resilience applies only to human-made systems, while ecological resilience applies to natural ecosystems.
C. Ecological resilience emphasizes returning to the original state, whereas engineering resilience focuses on absorbing disturbances without change.
D. Ecological resilience is based on the idea of one stable equilibrium, while engineering resilience accounts for multiple stable states.
✅ คำตอบที่ถูกต้อง
Engineering resilience focuses on recovery speed to a single equilibrium, while ecological resilience considers shifts among multiple stable states.
TOEFL Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Infer vocabulary meaning from context, not just memory
Base inferences on the passage; avoid over-extrapolation