❓ Question According to the passage, what is a key difference between the traditional view of ecosystems and the resilience perspective?
A. A. The traditional view emphasizes multiple stable states, while resilience theory assumes a single equilibrium.
B. B. The resilience perspective focuses on returning to a single equilibrium after disturbance, whereas the traditional view allows for multiple states.
C. C. The traditional view sees ecosystems as static and returning to one equilibrium, while resilience theory acknowledges multiple possible states and adaptive capacity.
D. D. Both views are identical, but resilience theory adds a focus on management strategies.
✅ Correct Answer
C. The traditional view sees ecosystems as static and returning to one equilibrium, while resilience theory acknowledges multiple possible states and adaptive capacity.
TOEFL Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Infer vocabulary meaning from context, not just memory
Base inferences on the passage; avoid over-extrapolation