❓ Pregunta According to the passage, which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'ecological resilience' as distinguished from 'engineering resilience'?
A. A forest that regrows to its original composition within a few decades after a fire.
B. A coral reef that, after bleaching, recovers to its previous coral cover within two years.
C. A grassland that, after overgrazing, transitions to a shrub-dominated state that persists even after grazing is reduced.
D. A wetland that returns to its pre-drought water level immediately after heavy rains.
✅ Respuesta correcta
A grassland that, after overgrazing, transitions to a shrub-dominated state that persists even after grazing is reduced.
TOEFL Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Infer vocabulary meaning from context, not just memory
Base inferences on the passage; avoid over-extrapolation