การฟัง TOEFL

🎧 บทถอดเสียง

Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class. Professor: Today we're discussing the concept of 'urban heat islands,' where cities are significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. This happens because concrete and asphalt absorb and re-radiate heat more than natural surfaces like soil and vegetation. Additionally, buildings block wind and trap heat, and human activities, such as driving cars and running air conditioners, generate extra heat. One surprising factor is that the heat island effect can actually increase energy consumption, as people use more cooling, which in turn produces more heat—a vicious cycle. However, there are solutions. Planting trees and creating green roofs can provide shade and release moisture into the air. Also, using reflective materials on pavements and rooftops can reduce heat absorption. Some cities have even painted rooftops white to reflect sunlight. But these measures require careful planning and funding. So, while the problem is serious, it's not unsolvable. Now, let's consider a specific case study...