Nghe TOEFL

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Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class. The professor is discussing the role of wetlands in flood control. "Now, many people think of wetlands as wastelands, but they actually provide crucial ecosystem services. One of the most important is flood mitigation. During heavy rainfall, wetlands act like natural sponges. They absorb excess water and slowly release it over time, reducing the peak flow of rivers. This can lower the risk of downstream flooding. For example, a study in the Mississippi River basin found that restoring just 10% of the wetlands in the upper watershed would significantly reduce flood peaks in cities like St. Louis. However, wetlands have been drained for agriculture and urban development. In the past century, over half of the world's wetlands have disappeared. This loss has increased flood vulnerability in many regions. So, conservation efforts are not just about protecting wildlife—they directly impact human safety and property. Understanding this connection is vital for future land-use planning." What is the professor's main point about wetlands?