Аудирование TOEFL

🎧 Транскрипт аудио

Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. Professor: Today we're going to talk about a fascinating adaptation in the animal kingdom: the ability of some creatures to survive extreme dehydration, a process called anhydrobiosis. One classic example is the tardigrade, or water bear. When water becomes scarce, tardigrades enter a tun state, curling up and replacing water with a sugar called trehalose. This sugar acts like a protective shell, stabilizing their cell membranes and proteins. Interestingly, tardigrades can remain in this state for years, and they can even survive in outer space. However, recent research suggests that trehalose is not the only mechanism. Some species produce heat-shock proteins that repair damage upon rehydration. Another example is the resurrection fern, which can lose up to 95% of its water content and still revive when moisture returns. This adaptation is crucial for survival in unpredictable environments. Understanding these mechanisms could have practical applications, such as preserving vaccines without refrigeration. So, the key takeaway is that anhydrobiosis is not a single strategy but a combination of protective and repair mechanisms.