การฟัง TOEFL

🎧 บทถอดเสียง

Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class. Professor: Today we're going to discuss the concept of 'urban heat islands' and some strategies to mitigate their effects. Urban heat islands occur when cities are significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas, primarily due to human activities and the prevalence of dark, heat-absorbing surfaces like asphalt and concrete. One effective solution is increasing vegetation, such as green roofs and street trees, which provide shade and release moisture through transpiration. Another approach is using 'cool roofs' made of reflective materials that bounce sunlight back into the atmosphere. Additionally, altering urban design to promote better airflow can help. However, these measures face challenges, including high upfront costs and the need for public awareness. Despite these obstacles, many cities have begun implementing pilot projects, and early results show a noticeable reduction in peak summer temperatures. Clearly, a combination of strategies, tailored to local conditions, is essential for creating more livable urban environments.