Аудирование TOEFL

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Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class. Professor: Today we're discussing the impact of urban heat islands, a phenomenon where cities are significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. This happens because materials like concrete and asphalt absorb and re-emit heat more than natural landscapes. One major consequence is increased energy consumption for cooling, which in turn raises greenhouse gas emissions. But there are strategies to mitigate this effect. For instance, planting trees and creating green roofs can provide shade and release moisture, cooling the air. Additionally, using reflective materials on pavements and buildings can reduce heat absorption. Some cities have implemented 'cool pavement' programs, coating roads with a light-colored sealant that reflects solar radiation. While these measures are promising, they require careful planning and investment. However, the benefits extend beyond temperature reduction, including improved air quality and reduced health risks during heatwaves. So, as urban populations grow, we must consider these solutions essential for sustainable development.