Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. The professor is discussing the behavior of certain birds.
'Today, we're going to talk about a fascinating aspect of bird behavior: mobbing. Mobbing occurs when smaller birds gather together to harass a larger predator, such as an owl or a hawk. This behavior might seem counterintuitive, since the smaller birds are putting themselves at risk. However, research has shown that mobbing serves several purposes. First, it alerts other birds in the area to the presence of a predator, giving them time to escape. Second, it can drive the predator away from the nesting area, protecting eggs and chicks. Interestingly, mobbing is not always a coordinated effort. Sometimes, individual birds will join in when they hear others' alarm calls, but the intensity of the mobbing often depends on the size of the predator and the proximity of the birds' nests. In some species, mobbing calls are learned, not innate, which suggests a social learning component. Now, let's consider an experiment that tested this...'
❓ 문제 According to the professor, what are TWO purposes of mobbing behavior in birds?
A. A. To attract mates and to establish territory
B. B. To alert other birds to predators and to drive predators away from nests
C. C. To practice flying skills and to find food
D. D. To communicate with predators and to show dominance
✅ 정답
B. To alert other birds to predators and to drive predators away from nests
TOEFL Listening Tips
Skim the questions first to predict the content
Watch for signal words in lectures and conversations (however, actually, in fact)
For main idea questions, focus on the beginning; for detail questions, focus on examples and data
For attitude questions, pay attention to the speaker's tone and word choice
Take notes on keywords; don't try to write down every word