Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.
Professor: Today we're going to talk about urban heat islands, a phenomenon where cities are significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. This happens because concrete, asphalt, and buildings absorb and re-emit heat more than natural landscapes do. Also, cities have less vegetation, which reduces shade and evaporative cooling. One major consequence is increased energy consumption, since people use more air conditioning during hot days. This leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions, which further contributes to global warming. But there are solutions. For example, painting rooftops white or using reflective materials can lower surface temperatures. Planting more trees and creating green spaces also help by providing shade and releasing moisture into the air. Some cities have even implemented 'cool pavement' technologies that reflect more sunlight. However, these measures require investment and public support. In my opinion, the most effective approach is a combination of green infrastructure and community awareness programs.
❓ 题目 According to the professor, what is a major consequence of urban heat islands?