การฟัง TOEFL

🎧 บทถอดเสียง

Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class. The professor is discussing the impact of climate change on ocean currents. "Now, we often think of ocean currents as a relatively stable system, but climate change is altering them in significant ways. One key effect is the melting of polar ice caps, which adds fresh water to the North Atlantic. This fresh water is less dense than the salty, warm water that normally drives the overturning circulation. As a result, the Gulf Stream, part of the North Atlantic current system, is slowing down. If this trend continues, we could see cooler winters in Western Europe, even as global temperatures rise. Additionally, weaker currents may reduce the ocean's ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which would accelerate global warming. Some models also predict shifts in marine ecosystems, as nutrient-rich upwellings become less frequent. However, scientists emphasize that these changes are not uniform; some regions may experience stronger currents, while others face disruptions. The key takeaway is that the ocean is not a passive victim of climate change but an active player that can amplify or mitigate its effects."