การฟัง TOEFL

🎧 บทถอดเสียง

Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class. The professor is discussing the concept of urban heat islands. Professor: Urban heat islands are a phenomenon where cities are significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. This happens mainly because of the materials we use to build cities, like concrete and asphalt. These materials absorb and retain heat during the day and release it slowly at night. In contrast, rural areas with vegetation and soil tend to cool down more quickly. The temperature difference can be as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit or more in large cities. But there are strategies to mitigate this effect. One approach is increasing green spaces, such as parks and green roofs, which provide shade and release moisture into the air. Another is using reflective materials for buildings and pavements, which reduce heat absorption. Some cities are also planting more trees along streets to create natural canopies. These solutions not only lower temperatures but also improve air quality and reduce energy consumption for cooling. However, implementing them can be costly and requires urban planning changes.