The concept of 'cognitive load' refers to the total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory. In educational settings, instructional designers often aim to manage cognitive load to optimize learning. According to cognitive load theory, there are three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane. Intrinsic load is inherent to the complexity of the material itself, while extraneous load is generated by the way information is presented, which can be reduced through better instructional design. Germane load, on the other hand, is the mental resource devoted to processing and understanding the material, which is beneficial for learning. Research suggests that when extraneous load is high, the working memory capacity is overwhelmed, leaving insufficient resources for germane processing. Therefore, effective teaching strategies focus on minimizing extraneous load while encouraging germane load, thereby facilitating deeper comprehension and retention.
❓ 지문에 따르면, 교수 설계에서 외부 부하를 줄이는 주요 목적은 무엇인가?
A. A. 학습 자료의 복잡성을 증가시키기 위해
B. B. 더 깊은 이해를 위해 작업 기억 자원을 확보하기 위해
C. C. 모든 유형의 인지 부하를 제거하기 위해
D. D. 학습 과정을 학생들에게 더 도전적으로 만들기 위해
✅ 正确答案
B. To free up working memory resources for deeper understanding
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first