The concept of 'planned obsolescence' has long been a cornerstone of consumer electronics manufacturing, yet its environmental and economic implications are increasingly under scrutiny. Originally devised to stimulate demand by limiting a product's lifespan, this strategy often involves designing devices with non-replaceable batteries or software updates that render older models slower. While proponents argue that it drives innovation and affordability through mass production, critics contend that it fosters a 'throwaway culture,' exacerbating e-waste and resource depletion. Recent legislative efforts in the European Union, such as the 'Right to Repair' directives, aim to counteract this trend by mandating longer spare-part availability and clearer durability labeling. However, industry resistance persists, citing higher production costs and potential stifling of technological progress. This tension between commercial interests and sustainability highlights a fundamental conflict in modern capitalism: the pursuit of perpetual growth versus the finite capacity of our planet. Understanding this dynamic is crucial for policymakers and consumers alike, as the choices made today will shape both market structures and environmental health for decades to come.
❓ According to the passage, what is a primary reason for industry resistance to 'Right to Repair' directives?
A. A) These directives would make products too durable, reducing consumer interest.
B. B) Implementing the directives could increase manufacturing expenses and hinder innovation.
C. C) The directives only apply to European Union markets, creating unfair competition.
D. D) Consumers prefer cheaper products over longer-lasting ones, contrary to the directives.
✅ 正确答案
B) Implementing the directives could increase manufacturing expenses and hinder innovation.
IELTS Reading Tips
Skim the questions first, underline keywords, then locate in the passage
Watch for paraphrasing; correct answers are often reworded
Be wary of absolute statements (all, always, never) — usually wrong
Pay attention to content after transition words (however, but, yet)
Manage time: about 20 minutes per passage; skip difficult questions first